Just this week, archaeologists
announced an incredible find. In the sands of the Zambian desert, they uncovered logs used to build structures almost 500,000 years old. These weren’t just sticks—some logs were even larger than the archaeologists working on the project. They had notches and tapered ends, clearly meant for connecting the pieces into something larger. A walkway, perhaps a wall—nobody yet knows. This completely blows apart our understanding of when woodworking first appeared in human history. Until now, the oldest confirmed use of wood for structure making came from a lake in England, dating to about 9,000 years ago.
Modern humans don’t appear in the fossil record until about 100,000 years ago. It’s likely the woodworkers were Homo heidelbergensis, a species known to have inhabited Zambia half a million years before Homo sapiens appeared. Homo heidelbergensis arrived some two million years after the first human ancestors showed up. We know almost nothing about what these early Homo species were capable of; flaked tool assemblages more than two million years old have been found, but any wood or bone artifacts typically break down long before scientists can get hold of them.
This is the thing about paleoarchaeology—you could fit almost every hundreds of thousands of years old artifact ever found inside one Sprinter van. We’ve found so little. At almost any point on the earth’s surface, you could be standing on some buried tool or boat remains or fossil that could completely reshape what we know about human history. It’s still wild to consider Aboriginal Australians arrived by boat, over huge oceanic distances, to populate Australia more than 60,000 years ago, but then you learn people were making log structures 400,000 years before that, and pretty much anything seems possible.
There’s something comforting about pushing the timeline of human consciousness back even further into the past. We’ve been here a really, really long time, with largely the same capabilities, similar capacity for thought and reason, and thirst for adventure we have now. Other Homo species maybe just as smart and resourceful as our own walked the earth for millennia. It’s nice to realize our current obsession with poisoning the planet and unlimited consumption and growth is a new development, historically speaking. That means it can change. For most of human history, we lived peacefully with the rest of the planet. We can do that again.
- Justin Housman